Collecting debt in New Jersey: licensing, bonds and statutes of limitations.
New Jersey has no collection agency license; anyone conducting a collection agency or collecting or receiving payment for others in the state must have a $5,000 one-year surety bond on file with the State (filed through the Treasury Division of Revenue and Enterprise Services, the statutory 'secretary of state'), renewed annually with a $25.00 filing fee.
General information, not legal advice. Every figure on this page links to the statute, rule or regulator page it came from, with the operative words quoted, and the date we verified it. Rules change; confirm with the regulator or your counsel before acting, and tell us if something here is out of date.
Do you need a license to collect in New Jersey?
New Jersey does not license collection agencies; the only entry requirement is a $5,000 surety bond filed annually with the Treasury Division of Revenue with a $25 filing fee. New Jersey-admitted attorneys, national banks and New Jersey banks are exempt, and the bond does not apply to creditors collecting their own accounts.
Flat $5,000, term one year from its date, renewed annually; corporate surety authorized in New Jersey, or cash in lieu; individual sureties not accepted (45:18-3); bond countersigned by a New Jersey-licensed insurance agent per N.J.S.A. 17:22-6.15; surety's current financial statement and executed power of attorney attached to the application. Bond runs to the State for the use of any party aggrieved; no action on the bond after two years from its expiration. Division of Revenue page: 'The application will attest that a $5,000 bond has been filed with the State of New Jersey as required by statute.'
Paper bond application mailed to NJ Division of Revenue, Collection Agency Bonds, PO Box 453, Trenton, NJ 08646. NMLS is not mentioned in the statute or on the regulator page.
$25.00 filing fee per bond filing. 45:18-4: 'There shall be paid a filing fee of $25.00 to the Secretary of State for the filing of each bond.' Division of Revenue page: 'The fee for processing these documents is $25.00.' Check payable to 'Treasurer, State of New Jersey' (Form C-132). A Public Records Filing for New Business Entity (business registration) must be on file first; that fee is separate and not recorded here.
annual, renews anniversary of bond date (bond runs one year from its date and must be renewed annually)
No branch filing or fee in the statute or on the regulator page. Discontinuance of operations must be reported by filing a notice with the Secretary of State (45:18-6.1).
business entity registration (Public Records Filing for New Business Entity) on file with the Division of Revenue before the bond application, including out-of-state entities; bond application (Form C-132) with acknowledgment of the principal before a notary or New Jersey attorney, corporate seal, and two witnesses other than the principal for each signature; surety company financial statement (not more than one year old) and executed power of attorney attached to the bond application; New Jersey-licensed insurance agent countersignature on the bond (N.J.S.A. 17:22-6.15); notice of discontinuance filed with the Secretary of State (Division of Revenue) when operations cease (45:18-6.1)
Exemptions. N.J.S.A. 45:18-6: attorneys at law duly authorized to practice in New Jersey, national banks, and banks or trust companies incorporated under New Jersey law. No other statutory exemptions.
How long can a debt be sued on in New Jersey?
New Jersey gives most consumer contract and credit-card debt six years, but a store-only card restricted to purchases from the issuing retailer gets four years under the UCC. A payment or signed acknowledgment made after the period has run can revive the debt only if it shows the debtor recognized and intended to pay the whole balance.
“or for recovery upon a contractual claim or liability, express or implied, not under seal, or upon an account other than one which concerns the trade or merchandise between merchant and merchant, their factors, agents and servants, shall be commenced within six years next after the cause of any such action shall have accrued.”
Both passes agree. Sealed instruments: 16 years under 2A:14-4, but only 6 years when sued on by a bank, finance company or other financial institution. 2A:14-1(b) carves out contracts for sale governed by 12A:2-725 (4 years).
“for recovery upon a contractual claim or liability, express or implied, not under seal ... shall be commenced within six years next after the cause of any such action shall have accrued.”
“an action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay a note payable at a definite time must be commenced within six years after the due date or dates stated in the note or, if a due date is accelerated, within six years after the accelerated due date.”
“we hold that claims arising from a retail customer's use of a store-issued credit card— or one issued by a financial institution on a store's behalf — when the use of which is restricted to making purchases from the issuing retailer are subject to the four-year statute of limitations set forth in N.J.S.A. 12A:2-725.”
Two categories. (1) General-purpose bank cards and open accounts: 2A:14-1(a), six years; Thiel (published) calls 2A:14-1 'the six-year statute of limitations that governs most contractual claims' and confines its four-year holding to store-restricted cards. (2) Store-issued or private-label cards restricted to the issuing retailer: four years under UCC 12A:2-725 per Thiel. New Century Fin. Servs. v. McNamara, A-2556-12 (App. Div. Mar. 20, 2014), which first applied 12A:2-725 to a store card, is UNPUBLISHED (Thiel itself describes it as 'an unpublished opinion') and is not citable under R. 1:36-3; pass A's description of it as published was wrong. No published NJ appellate case squarely applying 2A:14-1 to a general-purpose bank card was located by either pass; the six-year figure rests on the statute's 'contractual claim ... or upon an account' language and Thiel's characterization.
“A judgment in any court of record in this state may be revived by proper proceedings or an action at law may be commenced thereon within 20 years next after the date thereof, but not thereafter.”
Both passes agree. Foreign judgments: the shorter of 20 years or the rendering jurisdiction's period (2A:14-5).
Contract and account claims accrue at breach ('six years next after the cause of any such action shall have accrued', 2A:14-1). For credit cards, Thiel (App. Div. 2016): 'In collection actions, the right to institute and maintain a suit arises on the date of default — the first date on which the debtor fails to make a minimum payment'; partial payments below the required minimum made after default 'do not change the date of default, and thus does not change the date on which the cause of action accrued.' UCC sale contracts, 12A:2-725(2): accrual when the breach occurs regardless of knowledge. Demand notes: 12A:3-118(b), six years after demand; barred after 10 years with no payment if no demand. A money obligation with no stated time is payable on demand and accrues at the time of the loan (Denville Amusement Co. v. Fogelson, 84 N.J. Super. 164 (App. Div. 1964)).
“Payment of or on account of a debt or obligation may also toll or revive the statute of limitations, thereby extending it for the statutory period from the time of such payment. ... Such payment may consist of either interest or principal.”
Both passes agree. 2A:14-24 preserves 'the effect of any payment of principal or interest made by any person whatsoever on the obligation in suit'; the common-law rule requires the payment to be a partial payment made under circumstances showing recognition of, and intent to pay, the whole debt. For credit cards, Thiel holds that a post-default payment below the minimum due does not move the accrual date.
“no acknowledgment or promise by words only shall be deemed sufficient evidence of a new or continuing contract, so as to take any case out of the operation of this chapter ... unless such acknowledgment or promise shall be made or continued by or in some writing to be signed by the party chargeable thereby.”
Two conditions: the acknowledgment must be in a writing signed by the debtor (2A:14-24), and, per Burlington quoting Bassett and Denville, 'it must support the implication of a promise to pay the full amount due immediately or on demand, whether made before or after the statute of limitations has run.'
Both passes agree: no general borrowing statute in Title 2A ch. 14. The only borrowing-type clause is 2A:14-5 for foreign judgments ('within 20 years next after the date thereof or within the period in which a like action might be brought thereon in that state or country, whichever period is shorter'). Limitations conflicts are otherwise judicial: McCarrell (2017) adopted Restatement (Second) Conflict of Laws s. 142, replacing the Heavner (1973) rule: 'the statute of limitations of the forum state—here, New Jersey—applies if that state has a substantial interest in the maintenance of the claim and there are no exceptional circumstances that make such a result unreasonable.'
The debt exists but cannot be sued on; a suit can be defended by raising the defense.
Both passes agree. Pass B full-text searched the official NJ statutes compilation (STATUTES-TEXT.zip dated 2026-09-19) for 'time-barred', 'time barred', 'barred by the statute of limitations' and 'expired statute of limitations' and found no consumer-debt disclosure requirement; New Jersey has no state debt-collection practices act imposing one. S1415 (220th Leg., introduced 2022-02-10), which would have cut the contract period to 3 years and codified that partial payment 'tolls or revives' the period, was introduced only. Thiel treats filing suit on a time-barred debt as an FDCPA violation. Any disclosure duty comes from federal Regulation F (12 CFR 1006.26), outside this file's scope.
Yes, a payment made after the period has run can revive the debt, but only on proof of more than the bare payment. Burlington (read in full on the CAP archive): 'When a partial payment is made after the statutory period has run, the party seeking to revive the statute must show (1) that the payment was partial, and (2) an act or declaration which establishes the debtor's recognition of, and intention to pay, the entire claim.' 'Mere payment is not enough.' A written acknowledgment revives 'whether made before or after the statute of limitations has run' if it supports an implied promise to pay the full amount. A co-debtor's payment binds the others only if made before the bar (Parker v. Butterworth, 46 N.J.L. 244, as described in Burlington). Burlington is a Chancery Division decision resting on Court of Errors and Appeals precedent; no later published Appellate Division or Supreme Court opinion on post-bar revival of a simple-contract debt was located. Status: the statute bars the remedy ('shall be commenced within six years'); nothing in ch. 14 extinguishes the debt, and the revival cases presuppose the obligation survives.
Where this page comes from.
Researched in two independent passes from primary sources (the statute, the administrative code and the regulator's own pages), then reconciled against the text where the passes disagreed. Verified 2026-09-20. Licensing is re-verified quarterly and limitation periods annually.
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Resolvah enforces the New Jersey rules at the point of contact.
Licensing by state, time-barred rules, call frequency and consent, checked before anything sends. See it on your own portfolio.